Keratoconus is a progressive eye condition that affects the shape of the cornea, leading to vision impairment. As the cornea thins and bulges into a cone-like shape, it can cause distorted vision, increased sensitivity to light, and other visual disturbances. While there are various treatment options available, corneal transplant surgery is often considered when other treatments fail to provide satisfactory results.

What is a Corneal Transplant?
A corneal transplant, also known as keratoplasty, is a surgical procedure that replaces a damaged or diseased cornea with a healthy one from a donor. This surgery aims to improve vision, reduce pain, and enhance the overall quality of life for individuals suffering from conditions like keratoconus.

Types of Corneal Transplants
There are different types of corneal transplants that may be suitable for patients with keratoconus:

• Penetrating Keratoplasty (PK): This traditional method involves removing the entire cornea and replacing it with a donor cornea. It is effective for advanced stages of keratoconus.
• Lamellar Keratoplasty: This technique involves replacing only a portion of the cornea, allowing for faster recovery and reduced risk of complications.
• Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK): DALK replaces the front layers of the cornea while preserving the innermost layer. This technique is less invasive and often recommended for keratoconus.

Eligibility for Corneal Transplant
Not everyone with keratoconus will require a corneal transplant. Eligibility typically depends on the severity of the condition, the effectiveness of alternative treatments like glasses or contact lenses, and the overall health of the patient’s eye. Your eye care professional will conduct a thorough assessment to determine the best course of action.

Preparing for Surgery
Before undergoing a corneal transplant, patients can expect a comprehensive evaluation to ensure they are good candidates for the procedure. This evaluation may include:

• Detailed eye examinations
• Assessing overall eye health
• Discussions about medical history and medications

Patients will also receive pre-operative instructions, which may include refraining from certain medications or lifestyle changes to enhance recovery.

The Corneal Transplant Procedure
During the surgery, which typically lasts one to two hours, the surgeon will remove the damaged cornea and replace it with the healthy donor cornea. The procedure is usually performed under local anesthesia, and patients may go home the same day. Post-surgery care is crucial, and regular follow-ups with the eye doctor will be necessary to monitor healing and assess vision improvement.

Post-Operative Care and Recovery
Recovery from a corneal transplant varies by individual, but in general, patients can expect:

• Use of antibiotic and anti-inflammatory eye drops
• Wearing an eye shield at night to protect the eye
• Avoiding strenuous activities for several weeks

It’s important to attend all follow-up appointments and report any concerning symptoms promptly, such as increased pain or changes in vision.

Potential Risks and Complications
As with any surgical procedure, a corneal transplant carries risks. Potential complications may include:

• Rejection of the donor cornea
• Infection
• Inflammation
• Vision changes

Though the rejection of the donor cornea is rare, it is crucial for patients to remain vigilant and comply with prescribed medications to minimize risks.

Conclusion
A corneal transplant can significantly improve the vision and quality of life for individuals suffering from keratoconus, particularly when other treatment options are ineffective. If you or a loved one is living with keratoconus, consult with an eye care professional to explore treatment options and determine if a corneal transplant is the right choice for you.