Corneal transplantation, also known as keratoplasty, is a vital surgical procedure that restores vision for individuals suffering from various corneal diseases. The cornea is the clear front surface of the eye, and its health is essential for clear vision. Here are the top reasons why people may require a corneal transplant:

1. Keratoconus
Keratoconus is a progressive eye condition where the cornea thins and bulges into a cone shape. This irregular shape causes distorted vision, making it difficult for individuals to wear contact lenses or glasses. In advanced cases, a corneal transplant may be necessary to restore proper corneal shape and improve vision.

2. Corneal Scarring
Corneal scarring can result from various factors, including infections, injury, or previous surgeries. Scarring can impede light from entering the eye and lead to blurred or hazy vision. A corneal transplant may be the only option to remove the scarred tissue and restore clarity.

3. Corneal Dystrophies
Corneal dystrophies are hereditary disorders that affect the cornea's transparency and structure. Conditions such as Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy or granular dystrophy can cause pain and vision impairment. When these conditions progress, a transplant may be required to replace the damaged cornea.

4. Infection
Severe corneal infections, like microbial keratitis, can lead to significant damage to the cornea and even result in vision loss if not treated promptly. In some cases, a transplant may be necessary to remove the infected tissue and restore vision.

5. Eye Trauma
Accidents and injuries can severely damage the cornea, leading to vision loss. Trauma from impacts, chemical burns, or penetrating injuries may necessitate a corneal transplant to repair the damage and improve visual outcomes.

6. Endothelial Cell Failure
The cornea contains a layer of cells known as endothelial cells that help maintain its clarity. Conditions like Fuchs' dystrophy can lead to the loss of these cells, causing swelling and cloudiness in the cornea. A corneal transplant can replace the damaged endothelium and restore clear vision.

7. Previous Eye Surgeries
Patients who have undergone eye surgeries, such as cataract extraction or LASIK, may develop complications that compromise corneal integrity. In some instances, a corneal transplant may be necessary to correct issues arising from these procedures.

Understanding these reasons for corneal transplantation can help raise awareness about the importance of corneal health and the benefits of surgical intervention. If you or someone you know is experiencing vision problems due to corneal disease, consulting with an eye care professional is crucial to determine the best course of action.