A corneal transplant, also known as keratoplasty, is a surgical procedure that replaces a damaged or diseased cornea with healthy tissue from a donor. While many patients experience improved vision and a better quality of life after the surgery, complications can arise. Understanding these potential complications is essential for anyone considering or having undergone a corneal transplant.

One of the most common complications after a corneal transplant is graft rejection. This occurs when the body’s immune system recognizes the donor cornea as foreign and attempts to attack it. Symptoms of a graft rejection may include redness in the eye, decreased vision, pain, sensitivity to light, and an increase in tears. If these symptoms occur, it is crucial to contact your eye care professional immediately, as prompt treatment is essential to prevent permanent damage.

Infection is another serious complication that can arise following a corneal transplant. The risk of infection is heightened due to the surgical nature of the procedure and the exposure of the eye. Signs of an infection may include pus discharge, severe discomfort, swelling, and a sudden change in vision. Infections can lead to further complications and may require additional medical intervention, including antibiotics or further surgery.

Another potential issue is the development of cataracts, which can sometimes occur after a corneal transplant. The use of steroid eye drops to manage inflammation post-surgery can contribute to the formation of cataracts. Symptoms might include cloudy or blurry vision and increased difficulty with night vision. If cataracts develop, patients may need another surgical procedure to remove them.

Some patients may also experience persistent corneal edema, which is the swelling of the cornea. This can result from either graft rejection or other complications. Symptoms include blurred vision, halos around lights, and general discomfort. Treatment may involve specialized eye drops or additional procedures to manage the condition and restore clarity to the vision.

Lastly, astigmatism may develop or worsen after a corneal transplant. Changes in the shape of the cornea can lead to a distorted vision that affects daily activities. Eyeglasses or contact lenses may remedy mild astigmatism, while more severe cases may require additional corrective surgery.

It is crucial for patients who have undergone a corneal transplant to maintain regular follow-up appointments with their eye care professionals. Early detection and treatment of complications are vital in preserving vision and ensuring the best possible outcome. Furthermore, adhering to prescribed medications and observing post-operative care instructions can significantly reduce the risk of complications.

In summary, while complications after a corneal transplant can be serious, they can often be managed effectively with prompt medical attention. Understanding these risks can empower patients to take proactive measures in their recovery and maintain their vision health.