Pterygium surgery is a common ophthalmic procedure designed to remove pterygium, a non-cancerous growth on the conjunctiva that can extend onto the cornea. Understanding what happens during this surgical process can help ease any concerns for those considering the treatment. Below is a comprehensive overview of what patients can expect before, during, and after pterygium surgery.

Pre-Surgery Preparations

Before the surgery, the ophthalmologist will conduct a thorough eye examination to evaluate the size and location of the pterygium, as well as assess the overall health of the eye. The patient will be informed about the surgical process, potential risks, and expected outcomes. Pre-operative instructions may include:

• Avoiding blood thinners and certain medications for several days.
• Arranging for someone to drive home after the procedure.
• Using prescribed eye drops to prepare the eye.

Types of Pterygium Surgery

There are different techniques employed for pterygium surgery, but the most common types include:

• Excision Alone: This involves the surgical removal of the pterygium without any additional measures.
• Excision with Conjunctival Grafting: This method not only includes the removal of the pterygium but also employs a graft from the patient’s own conjunctiva to cover the surgical site. This approach helps reduce recurrence rates.
• Excision with Mitomycin C: This technique involves applying a chemotherapy agent to limit the growth of any remaining cells that might lead to recurrence.

During the Surgery

Pterygium surgery typically lasts about 30 minutes to an hour. The procedure usually takes place under local anesthesia, meaning the patient remains awake but does not feel any pain. The steps involved include:

1. Administration of Anesthesia: Local anesthesia is injected around the eye to numb the area. Sedative medications may also be provided to help the patient relax.
2. Removal of the Pterygium: The surgeon carefully excises the pterygium and any surrounding tissue that may be affected.
3. Grafting (if applicable): For conjunctival grafting, a small piece of conjunctiva is taken from a non-visible area of the eye (usually from the same eye) and placed over the site from which the pterygium was removed.
4. Closure: The surgical area is then meticulously closed using sutures if necessary, and the eye is covered with a protective shield or bandage.

Post-Surgery Recovery

After the surgery, patients will be monitored briefly to ensure safety before being sent home. Recovery generally involves:

• Initial Rest: It is crucial to rest for the first few days post-surgery.
• Eye Drops: Patients will be prescribed anti-inflammatory and antibiotic eye drops to promote healing and prevent infection.
• Avoiding Strenuous Activities: Activities such as heavy lifting, swimming, or exposure to dust and smoke should be avoided during the healing process.
• Follow-Up Visits: Regular follow-up appointments with the ophthalmologist are necessary to monitor recovery and address any concerns.

Potential Risks and Complications

While pterygium surgery is generally safe, like any surgical procedure, it carries risks. Possible complications may include:

• Infection
• Recurrence of the pterygium
• Scarring or discomfort at the donor site
• Change in vision

Conclusion

Pterygium surgery is a straightforward procedure aimed at improving eye health and comfort. With proper pre-operative assessments, effective surgical techniques, and careful post-operative care, patients can achieve favorable outcomes. If you have a pterygium affecting your vision or comfort, consult with your eye care specialist to discuss the best treatment options for you.