Retinal detachment surgery is a critical procedure aimed at reattaching the retina, the light-sensitive tissue located at the back of the eye. Understanding what occurs during this surgery can help patients prepare for the process and recovery.

Before the surgery begins, patients undergo a comprehensive examination by their ophthalmologist. This evaluation may include imaging tests, such as an optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan, to assess the extent of the detachment and determine the most appropriate surgical approach.

There are several surgical methods used for retinal detachment; the most common include scleral buckle, vitrectomy, and pneumatic retinopexy. The choice of procedure depends on the type and severity of the detachment.

Scleral Buckle Surgery

During scleral buckle surgery, the surgeon places a silicone band around the eye's outer layer (the sclera). This band gently pushes the eye inward, forming a "buckle" that supports the retina and helps it reattach. The surgeon may also use cryotherapy (freezing) or laser photocoagulation to create scarring that encourages the retina to stick to the underlying tissue.

Vitrectomy

In vitrectomy, the surgeon removes the vitreous gel that fills the eyeball. This gel can exert traction on the retina, contributing to detachment. After the vitreous is removed, the surgeon uses a laser to repair any tears or holes in the retina. In some cases, a gas bubble is injected into the eye to help the retina adhere to its proper position.

Pneumatic Retinopexy

Pneumatic retinopexy involves the injection of a gas bubble into the eye to push the retina back into place. This procedure is often done in conjunction with laser treatment or cryotherapy to secure the retina. Patients are required to maintain specific head positions to keep the gas bubble in contact with the affected area.

Regardless of the surgical method used, the entire procedure typically takes about one to two hours and is performed under local anesthesia or general anesthesia, depending on the patient’s needs and the complexity of the detachment.

After surgery, patients are usually monitored for a short time before being discharged. It is essential to follow post-operative instructions carefully, as this may include using prescribed eye drops, avoiding certain activities, and attending follow-up appointments to monitor the healing process.

Recovery time can vary depending on the individual and the type of surgery performed. Some patients may experience improved vision shortly after surgery, while others may need several weeks or even months for their vision to stabilize fully.

In summary, retinal detachment surgery is a vital procedure that helps prevent permanent vision loss. By understanding what happens during the surgery and following the necessary recovery protocols, patients can increase their chances of a successful outcome.